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Andean$3257$ - ترجمة إلى إيطالي

GEOGRAPHICAL REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA
Andean States; Andean state

Andean      
adj. andino, delle Ande
Incan Empire         
  • [[Manco Cápac]], First Inca, 1 of 14 Portraits of Inca Kings, Probably mid-18th century. Oil on canvas. [[Brooklyn Museum]]
  • Diorite [[Viracocha]] Inca sculpture from Amarucancha archeological site, [[Cusco]]
  • [[Copper]] heads for maces
  • Camelid Conopa, 1470–1532, [[Brooklyn Museum]], Small stone figurines, or ''conopas'', of llamas and alpacas were the most common ritual effigies used in the highlands of modern-day Peru and what is now Bolivia. These devotional objects were often buried in the animals' corrals to bring protection and prosperity to their owners and fertility to the herds. The cylindrical cavities in their backs were filled with offerings to the gods in the form of a mixture including animal fat, coca leaves, maize kernels and seashells.
  • The first image of the Inca in Europe, [[Pedro Cieza de León]], ''Crónica del Perú'', 1553
  • Convent of Santo Domingo]] in [[Cusco]], built on the base of the [[Coricancha]]
  • [[Coca]] leaves
  • Quipu, 15th century. [[Brooklyn Museum]]
  • The four ''suyus'' or quarters of the empire
  • Inca expansion (1438–1533)
  • [[Inti]], as represented by [[José Bernardo de Tagle]] of Peru
  • "The Maiden", one of the [[Llullaillaco mummies]]. Inca human sacrifice, [[Salta province]] ([[Argentina]]).
  • [[Atahualpa]], the last [[Sapa Inca]] of the empire, was executed by the Spanish on 29 August 1533.
  • [[Manco Cápac]] and [[Mama Ocllo]], children of the [[Inti]], [[Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala]], ''[[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno]]'', ''circa'' 1615
  • [[Sacsayhuamán]], the largest Inca ''[[pukara]]'' (largest Inca fortresses)
  • Inca farmers]] using a ''chakitaqlla'' (Andean foot plough), [[Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala]], ''[[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno]]'', ''circa'' 1615
  • Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection]] website}}</ref>
EMPIRE IN PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA
Incans; Tawantinsuyu; Incan Empire; Incan; Tahuantinsuyu; Inca empire; Andean Peoples; Tahuantin Suyu; Tawantin Suyu; Purumacu; Twantinsuyu; Tahuantinsuyo; Northern Inca Empire; Tawantinsuyo; Tawatin suyu; Tawatinsuyu; Inka Empire; Inka empire; Incan empire; Inca state; Inca; Suyu (Inca Empire); Andean man; Inca calendar; Incas; Kingdom of Tawantinsuyu; Inca culture; Incan ruins; Inca technology; Inkan Empire
Impero Incas, creato dagli Incas nel Sud-America e fiorente nei secoli quindicesimo e sedicesimo

ويكيبيديا

Andean states

The Andean states (Spanish: Estados Andinos) are a group of countries in western South America connected by the Andes mountain range. The "Andean States" is sometimes used to refer to all seven countries that the Andes runs through, regions with a shared culture primarily spread during the times of the Inca Empire (such as the Quechua language and Andean cuisine), or it can be used in a geopolitical sense to designate countries in the region that are members of the Andean Community trade group and have a local (as opposed to the Southern Cone) cultural orientation.

The Andes extend through the western part of South America in the following seven countries (arranged from north to south):

  •  Venezuela (a part of Caribbean South America, not considered an Andean state in geopolitics)
  •  Colombia (also a part of Caribbean South America)
  •  Ecuador
  •  Peru
  •  Bolivia
  •  Chile (a part of the Southern Cone, generally not considered an Andean state in geopolitics)
  •  Argentina (a part of the Southern Cone, often not considered an Andean state in geopolitics)

When grouped as the "Andean states", the emphasis is on the mountainous regions of these countries.

Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are parts of the Andean Community (a trade group), and each contains the Amazon rainforest and Amazonian indigenous people, as well as the Andean Mountains.